Servlet开发的调试

Servlet开发的调试

启动Tomcat无非就是设置好classpath并执行Tomcat某个jar包的main()方法,我们完全可以把Tomcat的jar包全部引入进来,然后自己编写一个main()方法,先启动Tomcat,然后让它加载我们的webapp就行。

我们新建一个web-servlet-embedded工程,编写pom.xml如下:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>servletEmbedded</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>

<properties>
<tomcat.version>10.1.13</tomcat.version>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-core</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
<version>${tomcat.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

</project>

其中,<packaging>类型仍然为war,引入依赖tomcat-embed-coretomcat-embed-jasper,引入的Tomcat版本<tomcat.version>10.1.13。不必引入Servlet API,因为引入Tomcat依赖后自动引入了Servlet API。因此,我们可以正常编写Servlet如下:

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@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.setContentType("text/html");
String name = req.getParameter("name");
if (name == null) {
name = "world";
}
PrintWriter pw = resp.getWriter();
pw.write("<h1>Hello, " + name + "!</h1>");
pw.flush();
}
}

然后,我们编写一个main()方法,启动Tomcat服务器:

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public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 启动Tomcat:
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(Integer.getInteger("port", 8080));
tomcat.getConnector();
// 创建webapp:
Context ctx = tomcat.addWebapp("", new File("src/main/webapp").getAbsolutePath());
WebResourceRoot resources = new StandardRoot(ctx);
resources.addPreResources(
new DirResourceSet(resources, "/WEB-INF/classes", new File("target/classes").getAbsolutePath(), "/"));
ctx.setResources(resources);
tomcat.start();
tomcat.getServer().await();
}
}

这样,我们直接运行main()方法,即可启动嵌入式Tomcat服务器,然后,通过预设的tomcat.addWebapp("", new File("src/main/webapp"),Tomcat会自动加载当前工程作为根webapp。通过main()方法启动Tomcat服务器并加载我们自己的webapp有如下好处:

  1. 启动简单,无需下载Tomcat或安装任何IDE插件;
  2. 调试方便,可在IDE中使用断点调试;
  3. 使用Maven创建war包后,也可以正常部署到独立的Tomcat服务器中。

IDEA中实现上述效果需要注意两点,首先工作目录一定选择正确为项目根目录,其次运行选项中勾选”将带有”provided”作用域的依赖项添加到类路径”

image-20231003165942175